Frank's post pretty much covered it. They vary from one place to the next.
The
indoor range I've gone to in Burbank charges $18 per visit, plus a couple of bucks for each target you want to use. For $250, you can become a member (for a year) and use the range for free whenever you want. They have pretty tight restrictions on what ammo you can shoot, but sell overpriced factory reloaded ammo for those who don't have their own approved ammo. They only allow handguns and rimfire rifles. They have a variety of handguns for rent. Being in California, fully automatic weapons are out of the question.
The
indoor range I've been going to in Albuquerque is similar, with a few key differences. They charge $20 per visit, but the first target is free. (I don't buy their targets, since my shooting buddy owns a print shop, and he makes all the targets we need.) They also have a membership plan for about $250. I got in on a group deal, so I paid about $200 for my yearly membership. (It has already paid for itself, since I've been there more than 10 times.) They are much less limited on what ammo can be used, although they don't allow tracer rounds or steel bullets that can cause a spark. They allow handguns, rimfire rifles, and centerfire rifles. (At least up to .223 caliber, but I believe I've seen guys shooting .308 caliber rifles there, too.) They are a few weeks away from opening their new location (about a mile from my house...woot!) and they will even have some shotgun lanes at the new place. They rent handguns, but also have semi- and fully automatic rifles available for rent. If you rent from them, they require you to purchase the ammo from them as well. (The rental on a fully automatic rifle is only about $20 per day, but it'll go through a LOT of ammo in a hurry.) They also have a pretty much full line gun shop on the premises, so you can buy firearms, ammo, safes, and all sorts of other accessories on-site.
The nearest outdoor range to me is owned and operated by the City of Albuquerque:
http://www.cabq.gov/parksandrecreation/open-space/facilities/shooting-range-park/
It's less expensive, but doesn't have the amenities that the indoor ranges have. On the other hand, it's the only way to go if you're trying to sight in a rifle at any distance longer than 25 yards.